
Brain, Behavior, and Drugs
All Posts, Diagnoses & Conditions, Science
I. The complex and adaptive brain
Brain architecture: gross anatomy, neurons
How the brain communicates
Adaptation and learning
II. How drugs hijack the brain
Pleasure and the reward center: the dopamine…

The Diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder
All Posts, Diagnoses & Conditions, Science
Bipolar II Disorder is a mood disorder, characterized by shifting states between hypomania and depression. Diagnosing Bipolar II Disorder is particularly difficult, because those with this disorder often do not recognize their hypomanic…

Therapeutic Alliance as a Predictor of Outcome in Treatment of Cocaine Dependence
All Posts, Psychotherapy, Science
by Barber, et al. A Review by Julie Myers, PsyD, MSCP
There has been an increasing interest in outcome measures in therapy. Although there is a school of thought that technique is the primary predictor of outcome, some therapists…

Through the Stomach to the … Brain!
All Posts, Diagnoses & Conditions, Science
Discovery of the Gut-Brain Axis: What Mouse Research Revealed
It has become increasingly clear that there is a two-way connection between the bugs living in our gut and the activities occurring in our brain. This interconnected system…

New Ways of Thinking about Suicide
All Posts, Diagnoses & Conditions, Medications, Science
Suicidal Disorder, Antisuicidal Medications, and the Limits of Prediction
Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the US. It is a terrible loss for the survivors and a great burden to society in general.
Providers…

I Quit Using. So Why Don’t I Feel Happy?
All Posts, Diagnoses & Conditions, Psychotherapy, Science
The Role of Dopamine in Pleasure and the Brain’s Reward System
People who quit using drugs often report that they are bored, uninspired, and have a hard time enjoying everyday living. Why does this happen? It has to do with the…

Hyperventilation – When Breathing is Too Much of a Good Thing
All Posts, Diagnoses & Conditions, Psychotherapy, ScienceMany people with panic disorder or anxiety symptoms are hypervigilant to internal body sensations — acutely aware of even subtle changes brought about by an increase in breathing rate. Mild anxiety or fear can trigger faster breathing as the…

When the Brain Buzzes: Understanding Zaps After SSRI Discontinuation
All Posts, Medications, Science, Side Effects
Known as 'brain zaps,' these perplexing phenomena are a fairly common yet poorly understood side effect of antidepressant discontinuation. Brain zaps are sensations perceived as electrical flashes occurring inside the brain, typically experienced…

Ketamine is Not a Sedative: the Risks of Misuse
All Posts, Ketamine, Practice, Science
In the summer of 2019, a young man, Elijah McClain, died after being arrested by the police. During the arrest he became agitated and EMTs were called to the scene. The EMTs injected Elijah with ketamine to “sedate” him. He died at…
